Caribbean free essay sample

The estimation of the Caribbean provinces to Europe came to be in their sugar creation. After the European pioneers understood that the Caribbean was not normally wealthy in gold and different valuable metals; they were edgy to discover different manners by which they could utilize these islands to profit themselves. After a few bombed endeavors to develop yields, for example, tobacco and cotton (for a huge scope), the Europeans understood that sugar had a more prominent potential to be sold in Europe than some other harvest, and in itself was a Goldmine holding back to be uncovered.The Portuguese had as of now effectively developed and created sugar on constraints in SAA Tom and Madeira, yet on a moderately little scope in contrast with how incredible it would in the long run become. They took these methods with them when they started to provinces the north east (Performance) of Brazil. Despite the fact that sugar creation expanded, it despite everything stayed an over the top expen sive item in light of the fact that the Journey from Brazil to Europe was exceptionally long and Brazilian sugar was burdened such that West Indian sugar never was. Consequently the interest despite everything stayed low in light of the fact that lone the rich could bear to purchase sugar.On these ranches In So Tom and Brazil, a slave workforce was utilized. In So Tom, the workforce was at first comprised of poor Europeans sent there to work. Sadly, they vanished on the grounds that they had no protection from tropical ailments, for example, jungle fever. Caught Africans were then promptly utilized due to their developed resistance to these illnesses. At the point when creation initially started in Brazil, the local Indian populace was utilized as their work power. Be that as it may, because of a mix Of ailment, unhealthiness and powerlessness to do such hard work, the local populace started to vanish and new work was required. African slaves were by and by imported from the West coast to Brazil. They end up being strong specialists and adapted better to the hard work. The British before long understood that the Caribbean had a comparative atmosphere to that of Brazil and sugar stick was appropriate to development in those districts. It was simple for them to gain arrives in the bigger islands in light of the fact that the Spanish had lost enthusiasm for them and not understood their latent capacity; in this manner little exertion was spent protecting them. To be a gainful item, sugar must be delivered for a huge scope and this implied creation must be a 24 hour procedure.Time was a significant factor in decrease. The stick must be reaped at specific occasions and afterward handled promptly in any case the nature of the juice removed would diminish and the sugar yield would be less. This 24 hour process implied that the sugar factories required steady participation. Poor white workers were first utilized on the grounds that they could without much of a stretch be tricked there with the guarantee of land, after they had satisfied their work contracts. Lamentably, this end up being an issue on the grounds that the greater part Of the land was at that point taken up as a feature of the sugar ranch and there was next to one side to compensate the white arrangements with.At this time, British North America was starting to create because of tobacco being developed there for an enormous scope and of a superior quality. The white contracted work power started to move there rather than the Caribbean in light of the fact that the guarantee of land was progressively a reality. North America Sis huge mainland and there was more land accessible to provide for them. The atmosphere there additionally fit them more since it was like that of Europe. In particular, the death rate was fundamentally lower.The Dutch noticed this requirement for another Orca, and as African slaves were at that point being utilized in Brazil, they started to offer them to the British and later the French. African slaves were the ideal work power. They were solid, impervious to the tropical illnesses and a large portion of all, they were modest. Some of the time they don't cost anything at all on the grounds that the Europeans themselves started to attack African towns and didnt need to exchange with the North African Muslims to procure them. In 1 655, the British took over Jamaica from the Spanish and began to create it as a sugar-manor colony.It before long overwhelmed Brazil in sugar creation. This enormous scope creation implied that sugar was all the more broadly accessible and consequently got less expensive. A completely new preference for pleasantness showed itself when the way to fulfill it opened up, and sugar contributed in the seventeenth century to the broad utilization of new commodities]2 For a long while, the British commanded the exchange sugar creation. Genoa, Venice and Antwerp were the key purposes of exchange and circulation. A great deal of cash/capital was being produced through the colonization of new grounds and exchange between the nations.Therefore agents ere searching for approaches to put away their cash to make benefits. They had seen h owe fruitful the British were with sugar creation and were ready to put resources into that equivalent market. They subsidized French and Dutch colonizers who additionally needed receive the rewards of sugar creation. The French colonized bigger islands, for example, SST. Territory (cutting edge Haiti), Martinique and Guadalupe. As more sugar manors were being acquainted with more islands, the opposition between European countries Was getting fiercer. It was currently a race to see who could create more sugar, in a shorter timeframe, for the best price.As sugar creation consistently expanded, this thus consistently expanded the requirement for African slave work to adapt to the requests of the market. This C]love issue with sugar implied that Europeans were seriously reliant on African slave work to gracefully their necessities. Sugar development and creation turned into an all year procedure in the Caribbean for two reasons. Initially, it permitted the serious work of reap time to be spread out over various months; consequently expanding the yield. Second, it kept the slaves continually busy with careless, hard work which left them with brief period or vitality billion.Rebellion was never a long way from the psyches of the Europeans in light of the fact that at the tallness of sugar creation, African slaves far dwarfed the white grower. They realized that should the slaves rally, they could without much of a stretch topple and an over the top measure of cash would be lost. This was especially an issue for the British pioneers. Between 1 640 and 1713, there were seven slave revolts in the English sugar estate islands, in which numerous Europeans and Africans Were murdered. Jamaica at that point turned into the rearing ground of revolt. Slaves ran away to the mountains and demonstrated for all intents and purposes difficult to recover due to their location.There were less issues with slave revolts in islands like Barbados, Antigen and SST. Dramas/Nevis in light of the fact that there were less places to race to. Be that as it may, this was irrelevant in light of the fact that Jamaica was their greatest provider of sugar and slave revolts diminished sugar creation. The French before long circumvent the English to turn into the biggest makers of sugar on the planet in the mid seventeenth century. In Haiti alone, they had more than 450000 slaves taking a shot at roughly 250 manors and hello created many thousands oftener of sugar each year.However 1791, the French were to tumble to a much more dreadful end than the English in Jamaica. Following a slave insurgency, the French were totally determined out of Haiti. This left a huge gap on the planet gracefully of sugar and it started sugar creation in Cuba by the Spanish, who had perceived this chance to industrialist. Sugar creation there in the end matched that of Haiti in its prime. Taking everything into account it very well may be said that the world interest for sugar fuelled the requirement for slaves in the Caribbean.However, this interest end up being the downfall of decrease, for in the end the enormous quantities of slaves revolted and this diminished sugar creation. The achievement of sugar creation was exclusively reliant on strength Of African slaves. This permanently connected them so that any place slaves were available, so too were sugar ranches.

The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education Free Essays

As I would see it I feel that the scriptural premise of instructive services are four essential thoughts that educating ought to be viewed as a light of the world, it ought to bring out old just as new emotions in individuals, be a guide to all humankind, and be followed consistently. There are a lot increasingly scriptural reason for Christian instruction, yet in my eyes I discover these the most significant. In Proverbs 6:23 the Lord states, â€Å"For these orders are a light, this educating is a light. We will compose a custom article test on The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now † Teaching ought not feel like a weight of the congregation, or of the guardians. Take a gander at showing the expression of Christ as a blessing and show this blessing wholeheartedly. As a Christian one of our obligations of the Lord is to go down His lessons just as His confidence. God has given you a magnificent blessing and it would be no less then evil to accumulate it just for yourself. (Note: This was depicted impeccably by Lou Foltz today in house of prayer.) An educator has the hard undertaking of showing the gospel as well as drawing out every one of the understudies singular qualities, with the goal that they may utilize them to serve Christ. Matthew 13:52 says † Therefore every educator of the laws who has been told about my realm of paradise resembles the proprietor of a home who draws out his storeroom new fortunes just as old.† This is the place creative, dynamic, expository, and sound judgment students become an integral factor. You should take into account each sort of student so everybody gets an opportunity to sparkle and become all God needs them to turn into. At the point when the understudies have at last taken in the Christian social status they should present their lives to Jesus Christ. They can't just talk the discussion; they should likewise walk the walk. Deuteronomy 5:1 gives us a model when Moses gathered all Israel and stated: â€Å"Hear, O Israel, the pronouncements and laws I announce in your hearing today. Learn them and make certain to follow them.† This shows it isn't adequate to simply get familiar with the word; we should follow the word too. Else, we are no happier then where we began. The last premise I have is that you should get the message out of Christ. What great does it do when twenty individuals think about Christ and don't impart this to other people? Nothing. Christianity would stop to exist without instructors preparing new Disciples of Christ. John 13:14-15 states † Now that I, your God and Teacher have washed your feet. I have set you a model that you ought to do as I have accomplished for you.† Jesus shown twelve trains the expression of Christ and it is currently our activity as potential instructors to prop this cycle up. These standards I have discussed all together make my scriptural reason for Christian training. These thoughts demonstrate essential life affirming guidelines as Christian teachers. In the event that I ever instruct Christian training I will put forth a valiant effort to live by these guidelines for educating just as life itself. The most effective method to refer to The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education, Papers

Crisis of Meaning

Crisis of Meaning In recent decades, the American Dream has been replaced by consumerism, gluttony, and multiple drug epidemics. Yes, these troubles are undeniably real, but perhaps they are symptoms of a larger problem. Maybe were buying nonessentials because were looking for something weve lost. Maybe were overeating because were trying to fill a void. Maybe we dont have an opioid crisis so much as we have a crisis of meaning. To find meaning is to find something that fulfills us, that propels us forward during the finite time we have on Earth. Hoarding, gourmandism, and substance abuse do the opposite: these addictions drag us in a direction we don’t want to travel. The antidote, then, isnt to simply abstain from everything. Abstinence alone leaves a void. Rather, we must walk toward the activities that provide purpose in our daily livesâ€"creativity, community, contributionâ€"to walk away from our vices. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Bony Fish Facts

Most of the worlds fish species are categorized into two types: bony fish and cartilaginous fish. In simple terms, a bony fish (Osteichthyes)  is one whose skeleton is made of bone, while a cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) has a  skeleton made of soft, flexible cartilage. A third type of fish, including eels and hagfish, is the group known as Agnatha, or jawless fish.   The cartilaginous fish include sharks,  skates,  and  rays.  Virtually all other fish fall into the class of bony fish which includes over 50,000 species. Fast Facts: Bony Fish Scientific Name: Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii, SacropterygiiCommon Names: Bony fish, ray-finned and lobe-finned fishesBasic Animal Group: FishSize: From below a half inch to 26 feet longWeight: Well under an ounce to 5,000 poundsLifespan: A few months to 100 years or longer  Diet:  Carnivore, Omnivore, HerbivoreHabitat: Polar, temperate, and tropical ocean waters as well as freshwater environmentsConservation Status: Some species are Critically Endangered and Extinct. Description All bony fishes have sutures in their neurocranium and segmented fin rays derived from their epidermis. Both bony fish and cartilaginous fish breathe through gills, but bony fish also have a hard, bony plate covering their gills. This feature is called an operculum. Bony fish may also have distinct rays, or spines, in their fins. And unlike cartilaginous fish, bony fish have swim or gas bladders to regulate their buoyancy. Cartilaginous fish, on the other hand, must swim constantly to stay afloat.     Mint Images/Getty Images Species Bony fish are considered to members of the class  Osteichthyes, which is subdivided into two main types of bony fish: Ray-finned fishes, or ActinopterygiiLobe-finned fishes, or Sarcopterygii, which includes the coelacanths and lungfishes. The subclass Sarcopterygii is made up of about 25,000 species, all characterized by the presence of enamel on their teeth. They have a central axis of bone that acts as a unique skeletal support for fins and limbs, and their upper jaws are fused with their skulls. Two major groups of fishes fit under the Sarcopterygii: the Ceratodontiformes (or lungfishes) and the Coelacanthiformes (or coelacanths), once thought to be extinct. Actinopterygii includes 33,000 species in 453 families. They are found in all aquatic habitats and range in body size from under a half inch to over 26 feet long. The Ocean sunfish weighs up to over 5,000 pounds. The members of this subclass have enlarged pectoral fins and fused pelvic fins.  Species include Chondroste, which are primitive ray-finned bony fishes; Holostei or Neopterygii, the intermediate ray-finned fishes like sturgeons, paddlefish, and bichirs; and Teleostei or Neopterygii, the advanced bony fishes such as herring, salmon, and perch.   Habitat and Distribution Bony fish can be found in waters all around the world, freshwater and saltwater both, unlike cartilagenous fish who are found only in salt waters.  Marine bony fish live in all the oceans, from shallow to deep waters, and in both cold and warm temperatures. Their lifespans range from a few months to over 100 years. An extreme example of bony fish adaptation is the Antarctic icefish, which lives in waters so cold that antifreeze proteins circulate through its body to keep it from freezing. Bony fish also comprise virtually all freshwater species living in lakes, rivers, and streams.  Sunfish, bass, catfish, trout, and pike are examples of bony fish, as are the freshwater tropical fish that you see in aquariums.   Other species of bony fish include: TunaAtlantic codRed lionfishGiant frogfishSeahorsesOcean sunfish Rodrigo Friscione/Getty Images Diet and Behavior A bony fishs prey depends on the species but may include plankton, crustaceans (e.g., crabs), invertebrates (e.g., green sea urchins), and even other fish. Some species of bony fish are virtual omnivores, eating all manner of animal and plant life.   Bony fish behavior varies greatly, depending on the  species. Smaller bony fish swim in schools for protection. Some like the tuna swim continually while others (stonefish and flatfish) spend most of their time lying on the seafloor. Some such as morays only hunt at night; some like butterfly fishes do so during the day; and others are most active at dawn and dusk.   Reproduction and Offspring Some bony fish are born sexually mature or become mature shortly after birth; most mature within the first one to five years. The main reproduction mechanism is external fertilization. During the spawning season, females release hundreds to thousands of eggs in the water, and males release sperm and fertilize the eggs. Not all bony fish do lay eggs: Some are live-bearing. Some are hermaphrodites (the same fish has both male and female genitalia), and other bony fish switch genders over time. Some, like the seahorse, are oviparous, meaning the eggs are fertilized in the parent who feeds them from a yolk sac. Among seahorses, the male carries the offspring until they are born.   Evolutionary History The first fish-like creatures appeared over 500 million years ago. Bony fish and cartilaginous fish diverged into separate classes about 420 million years ago. Cartilaginous species are sometimes seen as more primitive, and for good reason. The evolutionary appearance of bony fish eventually led to land-dwelling vertebrates with bony skeletons. And the gill structure of bony fish gill was a feature that would eventually evolve into air-breathing lungs. Bony fishes are therefore a more direct ancestor to humans.   Conservation Status Most bony fish species are classed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but there numerous species that are Vulnerable, Near Threatened, or Critically Threatened, such as Metriaclima koningsi of Africa. Sources Bony and Ray-Finned Fishes. Endangered Species International, 2011.  Class Osteichthyes. The Biology Classroom of Mr. Pletsch. University of British Columbia, February 2, 2017.Hastings, Philip A., Harold Jack Walker, and Grantly R. Galland. Fishes: A Guide to Their Diversity. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2014.Konings, A. Metriaclima . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T124556154A124556170, 2018.  koningsiMartin, R.Adam. Fathoming Geologic Time. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research.Plessner, Stephanie. Fish Groups. Florida Museum of Natural History: Ichthyology.

Fracking Current State And Future - 948 Words

Energy has always been the driving force that help mankind developed. From the First Industrial Revolution, steam engine powered by coal was developed. Then the Second Industrial Revolution come with the development of combustor engine and petroleum. Today, oil has become an essential source of energy for production and our everyday life. The demand keep on increasing which lead to the growth in scale and quantity of oil production all over the world. It has led many companies to overlook the benefit of other stakeholder beside their traditional shareholder. And the result as many accident relate to companies cut corner to pursuit profit. Although, we have long realize the negative impact of oil and oil industry. But it is impossible to replace them with some other alternative in a short period. With that being said Fracking has appear to be a shiny star and reasonable solution for U.S in this near future. We will discuss fracking current state and future also as the potential ethic issue tag along with it. Modern fracking was first introduced in 1947, but it has not commercialized until 1990s (Manfreda, 2015). After almost seventy years of development, fracking technology has developed rapidly and become more efficient. But question about its safety has yet to be answer. Fracking is the process of drilling and injecting mixture of liquid, including water, sand and chemical, at high pressure into the well. This mixture will create fracture in the rock and release naturalShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of Our Modern Day Fracking1299 Words   |  6 Pagescase of any treatment polluting an aquifer – not one.†(â€Å"Shooters-A Fracking History†). This statement may lead you to believe there is no need for concern, but there is a big pink elephant in the room. Arguments against these statements would prove futile, at a first glance, but understanding the true cost, to the environment and our safety could prove more valuable than the money earned. The beginnings of our modern day fracking process reside in a U.S. Patent No. 59,936, issued to a Col. EdwardRead MoreIs Fracking Safer : Wastewater Injections Cause Human Made Earthquakes, But The Risk Can Be Reduced1142 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Arizona State University. (2016, September 22). Research finds way to make fracking safer: Wastewater injections cause human-made earthquakes, but the risk can be reduced. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 24, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160922150659.htm The Arizona State University effectively relays the information from a research done to evaluate the use of fracking techniques in relation to the Texas earthquakes experienced in May of 2012. The researchRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Negative Environmental Impacts1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated about topics surrounding global warming and human contribution is fracking. Fracking is the process of shooting a high pressure liquid into subterranean rocks in order for the gas to come out which is done usually to be able to sell gas at a cheaper price. Modern day fracking did not become popular until the 1990’s when a guy named George P. Mitchell combined hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Although fracking does make buying gas cheaper people forget to look at the negative impactsRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On Outside Oil1172 Words   |  5 PagesWorries with the earth have been up front in the United States. Particularly during the presidential race, numero us natural issues are at the bleeding edge of endless discussions. There is an accord between gatherings that residential vitality creation must keep on expanding, yet there are clashing assessments as to where that vitality generation ought to originate from. Should we utilize non-renewable assets or put resources into new and imaginative renewable vitality sources? Our reliance on outsideRead MoreFracking Affect The Community On A Local Level1434 Words   |  6 Pagesstove, and the electrical power that flow through homes share a common attribute: they are fueled by natural gas or oil, both of which are fundamental sources of energy in the US and are mined through the process of fracking. B.Hydraulic fracturing, more commonly known as fracking, is a method of oil and natural gas extraction used to release natural gas that can be converted into energy. A mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is injected into shale formations thousands of feet below the surfaceRead MoreFracking Of The United States1307 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Dr. Gray Final Paper Fracking in the United States Hydraulic fracking in the United States is a current environmental hazard that has to be addressed by the American people and by the federal government. Fracking in America has opened up millions of acres of lands that were once not economically viable to produce oil and gas. While the Bureau of land Management has paved the way for hydraulic fracturing on public lands, there is a need for retaliation. Fracking is a dirty method of extractingRead MoreFracking : The Gas Boom1352 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly known as â€Å"fracking†, is a term that many people may have heard about, but actually have very little knowledge on. Fracking is a topic that is highly controversial between people who work in the industry, scientists, and environmental professionals. Fracking has been around for a long time, but it’s only been in the past thirty years that it’s really taken off in what is known as the shale gas boom. As our sources of energy dwindle down it becomes important to consider our future and look intoRead MoreThe Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It?1465 Words   |  6 PagesWeekly Economic Report Fracking, is it Worth it? Ron Withall Business 630, Dr. Lynn Reaser SUBJECT Our dependence on foreign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’Read MoreFracking (Pro-Con)1159 Words   |  5 Pagesis a nightmare. Often the word ‘fracking’ itself raises a lot of concerns, protests, and controversies. Environmentalists and the general public who are not aware of the facts and statistics about fracking, what’s called the bigger picture, often tend to think that fracking is a major concern and its impact on environment and in the sector of public health is disturbing. While it is the responsibility of the citizens to analyze and understand the reality of fracking, it is also the duty of the government Read MoreFracking And The Public Health1230 Words   |  5 PagesHydraulic fracturing or fracking has become a concern both environmentally and in the public health sphere in Western Maryland. In analyzing these ideas, the environment and public health concerns intertwine in a discourse about the relationship on both power and knowledge. Fracking is a new issue for the state of Maryland to consider; therefore dominant narratives on this subject are still being developed and legitimized. Studies have been conducted in other regions around the world to analyze the

Digital Fortress Chapter 38 Free Essays

Hale stopped halfway to the Node 3 pantry and stared at Susan. â€Å"What’s wrong, Sue? You look terrible.† Susan fought her rising fear. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 38 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ten feet away, Hale’s monitor glowed brightly. â€Å"I’m†¦ I’m okay,† she managed, her heart pounding. Hale eyed her with a puzzled look on his face. â€Å"You want some water?† Susan could not answer. She cursed herself. How could I forget to dim his damn monitor? Susan knew the moment Hale suspected her of searching his terminal, he’d suspect she knew his real identity, North Dakota. She feared Hale would do anything to keep that information inside Node 3. Susan wondered if she should make a dash for the door. But she never got the chance. Suddenly there was a pounding at the glass wall. Both Hale and Susan jumped. It was Chartrukian. He was banging his sweaty fists against the glass again. He looked like he’d seen Armageddon. Hale scowled at the crazed Sys-Sec outside the window, then turned back to Susan. â€Å"I’ll be right back. Get yourself a drink. You look pale.† Hale turned and went outside. Susan steadied herself and moved quickly to Hale’s terminal. She reached down and adjusted the brightness controls. The monitor went black. Her head was pounding. She turned and eyed the conversation now taking place on the Crypto floor. Apparently, Chartrukian had not gone home, after all. The young Sys-Sec was now in a panic, spilling his guts to Greg Hale. Susan knew it didn’t matter-Hale knew everything there was to know. I’ve got to get to Strathmore, she thought. And fast. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 38, Essay examples

Winch Essay Example

Winch Essay Since inception Winch-It Industries Pty. Ltd has pride itself in the success that it has attained in the manufacture and supply of the Winches. Isolation from the rest of the world created a challenge to Australia’s importation of goods. During the Second World War winch it manufactured hand powered winches for fishermen out for recreation and professional fishing. At the same wartime, an opportunity emerged from the Navy to supply winches in small defence contracts. By using locally available materials, manufacture of the winches was easy and efficient creating a small market niche and with the contracts from the navy came the special supplier status for Winch-It that proved crucially beneficial to the company through the years. As the Navy contracted continued, there was a request on Winch-It to produce a larger model of products with specific standards, design regulations and specifications that would conform to the local defence industry. As the market expanded for Winch-It, there was need to expand as many people now felt that they had a sought of standard â€Å"Navy quality† winches that gave the company a sense of value-added capability. Continuous rise in the recreational boating sector saw the market for Winch-It keep expanding and most boat trailer manufacturers saw the company as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) in the area and its expansion would hence continue to the level of creating need for expansion of the company production to the East Coast. We will write a custom essay sample on Winch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Winch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Winch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shifts in the Labour Market The new level of business development and expansion project underway created the need for manpower sourcing for the new production and company site at the East Coast. Quality of skills of locally available manpower would now pose a challenge to the company. However, with the strategic choice of location for the new company site, seemed easy to source for the manpower that would be needed though training would be a challenge. Most old employees would offer services on temporary basis at the new site but were not willing to move or relocate to the new site. This was due to the staff’s unwillingness to give up the lifestyles they were used to in Perth. With this and many other challenges, Winch-It would be faced with the following challenges in the recruitment, selection and retention of employees: Unavailability of skilled manpower to on-the-job train the new staff members at the new site Lack of an industry experienced Human Resource Manager in the company would pose delays in the recruitment of new staff Possibility of the Finance and Administration Manager at Perth being overwhelmed by tasks of the projected recruitment process at the new site as well as administrative duties at Perth Possibility of the new staff being sourced from neighbouring Sydney becoming unwilling to relocate to the new company site at Ingleburn Possible insufficiency of trained and skilled staff for the new site for manufacturing and assembly processes Lack of proper research on the availability of manpower in Ingleburn would delay the process of acquiring skilled managerial staff Possible unavailability of skilled staff in Ingleburn would necessitate the move to Sydney to source for staff who would then relocate to Ingleburn for placement The requirement on semi-skilled staff may not be too high though for skilled staff there may be urgency in sourcing for proper manpower on time Counteractive strategies In order to meet its staffing requirements and plans, Winch_It board of directors and current management may have to make a fast move to ensure that staffing needs are met way before the date of actual launch of the new operational site. Some of the strategies t might employ are: Offering incentives to old to make the relocation package attractive – this would help some of the old staff review and rethink their decision not to relocate Prioritizing of tasks to allow for the Finance and Administration Manager to juggle between both responsibilities at hand before recruiting the Human Resource Manager Create seamless recruitment processes to allow for smooth staff sourcing, recruitment, training and appointment Create relocation and travel packages for staff who may be willing to relocate from Sydney to Ingleburn to take up the company positions Source thoroughly for locally available human resources and skilled staff Formulate staff job specifications and align these to the recruitment requirements Aim to recruit qualified and experienced staff in order to reduce time spent on training Facilitate the current staff for training and on-the-job supervision of the new staff to ensure seamless integration of new staff of the crucial skills needed for effective and efficient operations especially in the manufacturing and assemblies sectors Human Resource Planning and Strategy Winch_It had been operational for many years though without a complete management structure and with the current expansion plans there must be certain processes that must be employed to ensure professionalism and adequate supervision of the company staff. While still the initial company owners (the brothers) are offering consultation to the company management, they would give input on the company tradition and future goals that would ensure success not only in recruitment but expansion as well. In the wake of the new staff requirements, there may be challenges that may face the company. Some of the internal/external factors that may have an effect on the company’s ability to manage its human resources are: Lack of a proper outline of staff responsibilities General training for all staff may pose the challenge of lack of specialized skills for various positions Possibility inability of the current Finance and Administration Manager, who is doubling his position as the Human Resource, to adequately handle human resource issues Lack of an experienced Human Resource Manager to oversee recruitment of new staff for the new operational offices at Ingleburn Lack of clear job specifications to guide staff on on-the-job performance In order for the company to succeed, both the staff and company needs and goals must be aligned and met. To achieve this, the company management may be required to put in place policies and practices best suited for the company and its growth and development plans. Effective management of employee and company requirements requires the Human Resource Manager to These may include: Leadership: Every group of people requires some form of proper leadership guided by company procedures and policies; However, delegation and empowering of people/staff may reduce the need for leadership. Communication:   Giving clear instructions and sending clear messages, listening and use of feedback channels can be a great way to communicate the company goals and objectives to the employees and ensure employee needs satisfaction Training: a systematic approach to training and evaluation would be an effective way to impart the staff with the crucial skills that will enable them perform effectively on their specific roles and attain job satisfaction Motivation: through employee motivation, the company would accomplish its goals and also helps the employees achieve their career goals. Through the employment of a combination of understanding and satisfying employee needs, compensating fairly, making it possible for employees to do their jobs with minimum frustration, and treating employees equitably, the company is able to bring the best out of the employees who in turn help achieve the company goals. Conflict resolution: Conflict is inevitable at all levels of any company, however, by having guiding principles and policies towards conflict resolution, team work is built which ensure that all staff   work towards one goal – achieving the company objectives. Challenges for managers facing changes to industrial relations Change in industrial relations may pose great challenges to not only a company’s growth but also to its competitive power and position. In most cases companies may take strategic risks to ensure stability through the changes period. Some of the major challenges managers may face include: Innovation, experimentation and integration of new approaches to the changing industrial relations Transformational leadership required to steer the staff and company as a whole to counter any changes in the industrial relations Need for improved working relations in the industry Need for implementation of competitive remuneration packages for employees in order to facilitate employee retention Increased focus on job security by employees may pose a challenge for the company to draft long-term contracts for staff even those working in short-term functions just to retain skill. Increased competition may necessitate demand for more specialised and better quality products which in turn may lead to an overhaul in current operational systems and installation of totally new systems or major changes in the production systems Recommendations to meet these challenges Need for strategic decisions may be a necessity to counter any challenges posed by the changes in the industrial relations. Changes in behavior and attitude at all level of the company may be one step towards achieving stability against changes in the industrial relations. An effective industrial relations system based on current, flexible and modern policy legislative and organizational framework may be necessary too. Skilled, experienced, adaptive and innovative workforces may be a great asset to ensure stability throughout the period of industrial changes. Last but not least, flexible work organization and management coupled with culture sensitive management strategies, as Winch-It invests in growth within and beyond its current region, may be a great catalyst for countering any changes in industrial relations and ensure success for the company. Job Analysis and Design Senior Human Resource Manager  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Higher education in public, personnel and human resource science and management  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Experience in Human Resource sourcing and retention  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledgeable in Human Resource Policies and Regulations and Human Resource laws  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Excellent communication skills  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problem solving skills  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Experience and knowledge in industrial relations an added advantage Design / Process Engineer Skills Higher Education in industrial plant design and/or process engineering Knowledge of winch manufacture equipment and machines Winch production project management skills Team Player Creative and problem solving Communication and training skills

Themes of Shakespeares Comedy Measure for Measure

Themes of Shakespeares Comedy Measure for Measure Shakespeares Measure for Measure offers a number of themes, including: Judgment and PunishmentSexMarriageReligionThe Role of the Female Judgment and Punishment Measure for Measure asks the audience to consider how and to what extent one person can judge another. Just because someone holds a position of power doesnt indicate that the person is morally superior. The play questions whether it is possible to legislate issues of morality and how to do so. Had Claudio been executed, he would have left Juliet with a child and a tattered reputation. She would have no way to look after the child. Angelo was clearly in the wrong morally, but he was given a job to do and followed through. He wasn’t going to legislate against himself. The Duke has fallen in love with Isabella, Claudios sister, so  his decisions regarding punishment for Claudio and Angelo may have been skewed. The play suggests that people should be answerable for their sins but should receive the same treatment as they provided. Treat others as you would like to be treated, and if you commit a sin, expect to pay for it. Sex Sex is the main driver of the action in this play. In Vienna, illicit sex and prostitution are major social problems, resulting in illegitimacy and disease. This too is a concern for Shakespeare’s London, especially with the plague, as sex could result in death. Mistress Overdone represents the casual access to sex in the play. Claudio is sentenced to death by beheading for impregnating  his fiancà ©e. Isabella is told she can save her brother by having sex with Angelo, but she risks spiritual death and the death of her reputation. The play questions whether it is right for government to legislate against sexuality. Marriage Shakespeare’s comedies often are celebrated by a marriage, which is usually seen as a happy ending. In Measure for Measure, however, marriage is used as a punishment, Angelo is forced to marry Mariana and Lucio is forced to marry Mistress Overdone. This cynical look at marriage is unusual in a comedy. Ironically, marriage here is used to regulate and punish promiscuous behavior. Marriage saves the females reputation and gives them a position they would not have had. For Juliet, Mariana, and Mistress Overdone to an extent, this is the best option. Readers are asked to consider whether marriage would be a good option for Isabella, because she could marry the Duke and have a good social position, but does she love him or is she expected to marry him out of appreciation for what he has done for her? Religion The title of Measure for Measure comes from the gospel of Matthew. The plot includes a  passage where a hypocritical deputy sentences a man to death for fornication and then propositions a  woman. The main themes are associated with religion: morality, virtue, sin, punishment, death, and atonement. Its main character, Isabella, is obsessed with virtue, chastity, and her spiritual journey. The Duke spends most of his time dressed as a friar and Angelo has the attitude and demeanor of a puritan. The Role of the Female Each woman in the play is controlled by the forces of patriarchy. They are vastly different characters, but their social standing is limited by the men in their lives. A novice nun is blackmailed, a prostitute is arrested for running a brothel, and Mariana is jilted for not having a large enough dowry. Juliet and her unborn child are compromised by the attitudes she will face if she has an illegitimate child.

Writing a Reaction Paper

Writing a Reaction Paper Writing a Reaction Paper Writing a Reaction PaperIf you are writing a reaction paper, you should keep in mind a number of specific rules. In particular, reaction paper should be written critically, it is your task to provide critical response to a book, film, event, or even a person. The following example reaction paper is written about sex education. If you need individual help with reaction paper writing, do not hesitate to try our custom paper writing services. We are open 24/7 to provide high quality assistance with your academic assignments and essay papers! Do not forget to review free term papers medieval knights and sample term paper on cholesterol and lipids . You may also read an interesting article on how to write 3,000 words term paper SFU .Writing a Reaction Paper: Sample on Sex EducationThe effects of excessive secrecy, such hush-hush methods run counter to every principle of psychology and defeat their own purpose. One cannot successfully ignore such a significant theme in life as sex. Eve n a small child soon becomes conscious that his queries are being shunted aside in the most unsatisfying manner. But this does not allay his curiosityit merely intensifies it. He perceives that on certain subjects, which he did not know were different from any other subjects, his guileless questions produce a strange result on his parents. They seem disturbed, even shocked, and he doesn't know why; they will help him satisfy his curiosity on every subject but one. He soon realizes that he must look elsewhere for his information, for he must have it; it must be very interesting, or his parents wouldn't act so mysterious about it. His determination to know takes him to every source he can find, and so the typical method of acquiring sex information has begun. From tough boys, from the crude jokes and smutty stories of men, and sometimes from oversexed girls he picks up his information bit by bit, the whole often forming a most amazing mosaic. Such is the inevitable result of attemptin g to place sex in a special category by itself, something that is powerful but shameful, about which it is necessary to know yet about which one must not be taught. Such tactics automatically engender a curiosity far out of proportion to that felt about other factors in life, thus magnifying enormously the very thing parents sought to minimize. We can now perceive why Galloway was right when he said that sex education is more a matter of psychology than of biology, for our sex attitudes determine our whole physiological treatment of sex. The sex facts that children find out surreptitiously are not very important, but the emotional responses that develop are extremely important. Boys and girls who get their sex knowledge on the street frequently carry all through life the shame and fear reactions so commonly associated with certain words and actions. The mental images that they would forget are stamped indelibly upon their memories, making them ashamed to converse naturally on subjec ts properly related to sex. They may become overly self-conscious in the normal associations with the opposite sex, fearful lest some words of double meaning be wrongly interpreted. Such a preoccupation with unwholesome sex patterns often carries over into marriage, marring the relationship from which so much joy was rightly expected and proving the statement that sex education, in its end result, is marriage education.

Short Research Paper on Audiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Short Research Paper on Audiences - Essay Example Modern approaches have holistically incorporated cultural and social aspects that were undermined by conventional approaches of engaging audience in media. Modern approaches have therefore proved to be very essential in ensuring that, audiences are fully engaged in media discussion and operations. Despite incorporating audiences’ cultural and social beliefs and perceptions, modern approaches have as well ensured that, audiences enjoy their participation in media dialogues and discussions. Moreover, present media services have instituted consistent and reliable means of ensuring that, audiences respond promptly to media activities and engagements. It is factual to conclude that, to a great extent, modern engagement approaches have significantly helped in enhancing audiences’ satisfaction with media services. The subsequent small-scale audience research project will be essential in enriching the understanding of modern audience approaches of enhancing media engagement wit h audience Research Question How does audiences approaches use, enjoy, respond, and engages with media? Research Statement Various media have in the recent decade been a very essential social instrument that facilitates harmonious interaction in modern society. Apart from informing community members on modern happenings and development, media have as well served as an exceptionally essential tool for educating community members. Moreover, researchers have rated media as one of the most critical players in enhancing social, political, and economic development. To enhance their efficiency in service delivery, modern media have instituted various mechanisms and plans of ensuring that, audiences are fully engaged in media services. Although researchers have identified various strategies of enhancing effective interaction between audiences and media, some approaches are especially essential in enhancing effective media customers engagement. The understanding of some of the most essential interaction and engagement approaches is an incredibly vital aspect in improving the quality of services offered by contemporary media institutions. Literature Review Over the years, the issue of the relationship between audiences and media has been a subject of debate among information and communication scholars as well as researchers from other social disciplines. Consistent studies have so far confirmed that, there is need for a firm and reliable mutual interaction between media and audiences. Information that is communicated by media services requires audiences’ contribution in order to realise its potential meaning and value (Treadwell 2011, p. 19). In most instances, some information do not have meaning if its lacks effective involvement of the targeted group. Based on the latest researches findings, modern scholars have highly valued the role and contribution of audiences in attaching meanings to the message that is communicated by media. At the basic level, audiences are very decisive actors in enhancing effective and meaningful communication in mass media. Media constructs and conveys information that is acquired from the various audiences. Audiences in most cases serve as immediate witnesses to some of the incidences that are reported by the media. Without the audiences, media could be inexistence. According to available research findings, to

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Project Management - Essay Example The conceptualisation, development and production of the aircraft took several years since the treaty between Britain and France was signed in 1962 but test flights of the Concorde could not be conducted till 1967 while scheduled flights could only be conducted in 1976 (Wikipedia, 2006). At the same time, after many years of faithful service as well as rising and falling fates, the Concorde was retired in 2003. As a product, it does present the complete lifecycle of a product going from an idea to a cultural icon to the eventual death of the product. The overall command and control for a project like Concorde would have to be handled by many individuals who are experts in their fields but one person would have the responsibility of conducted the entire project. There are several skills and competencies which one could seek when looking for a person to handle a project like Concorde of which the most important would be planning skills. However, before a discussion is made regarding the project manager’s skills and abilities, it would be logical to examine some of the primary activities involved with the project. The first activity required for the Concorde project would be to secure the required financing for the project. In historical terms, the idea and the product itself was so costly that no single company could manage to come up with the financing required for the project. In fact, Britain and France had to pool their resources before the production and prototyping process could begin (Wikipedia, 2006). A project manager here would need to be a part of the negotiations between the two countries so that s/he can guide the political process away from the technological process to create as little interference as possible. Once the financing or financial backers have been secured for the project, there is a significant cost involved in terms of time and money which concerns the mobilisation of the project. This activity is

The European Neighbourhood Policy Politics Essay

The European Neighbourhood Policy Politics Essay Because of the big-bang enlargement to the East, in May 2004 the European Union acquired ten new member states and simultaneously several new neighbours. At about the same time, it began to flesh out a European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) to make sure that the newly enlarged Union would be surrounded by a ring of friends.  [1]  Specifically, in March 2003 the Commission presented its Communication Wider Europe Neighbourhood: A new Framework for relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours,  [2]  followed by a Strategy Paper on the ENP in May 2004.  [3]   In general, the ENP is the EUs mechanism for ensuring the maintenance of shared values beyond its borders. In other words, it provides the EU with additional tools for fostering new neighbours. Its objectives like stability, prosperity and co-operation help the EU to develop a privileged relationship with its neighbours while it also offers many other advantages to them, building upon a mutual commitment with them. On the other hand, it must be underlined that the EU faces some daunting challenges in its relations with its neighbours. Because of this, not only the ENPs aim to bring some order to the EUs relations with its neighbours but also the effort to develop a privileged and mutual relationship between them, are prevented in a great extent. So, does the ENP really provide the suitable structure for dealing with the main challenges? This essay will first present and analyse the substance of the ENP. It will then scrutinize its results and, finally it will criticize and evaluate the ENP taking into consideration the invectives that it offers and the challenges that the EU faces in its relations with its neighbours. The substance of the ENP The ENP framework is proposed to the 16 of EUs closest neighbours Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Russia has its own special relationship with the EU and it is not part of the ENP. More precisely, the ENP was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and instead strengthening the prosperity, stability and security of all.  [4]   The 2004 enlargement brought the EU closer to the east and as a result created an instant need to ensure that the wider neighbourhood was stable to avoid the risk of instability overflowing into the larger EU.  [5]  As the European Commission has noted: Existing differences in living standards across the Unions borders with its neighbours may be accentuated as a result of faster growth in the new Member States than in their external neighbours; common challenges in fields such as the environment, public health, and the prevention of and fight against organised crime will have to be addressed; efficient and secure border management will be essential both to protect our shared borders and to facilitate legitimate trade and passage.  [6]  Moreover, the enlargement fatigue was established and the EU wanted to fend off yet another round of enlargement. Hence, the ENP was launched to deal with all of these challenges.  [7]   The ENP also includes the countries of the southern Mediterranean, though the dividing line between the EU and these countries was not shifted with the 2004 enlargement, and the problems posed by those borders have long been a concern. The southern Mediterranean countries were included in the ENP to balance the EUs southern and eastern dimensions, responding to concerns of southern member and non-member states.  [8]   The ENP, which is primarily a bilateral policy between the EU and each partner country, is further enriched with regional and multilateral co-operation initiatives: the Eastern Partnership (launched in Prague in May 2009), the Union for the Mediterranean (the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, formerly known as the Barcelona Process, re-launched in Paris in July 2008), and the Black Sea Synergy (launched in Kiev in February 2008).  [9]   The ENP is first and foremost an attempt to create good neighbours, who conform not only to EU values (democracy and human rights, rule of law, good governance, market economy principles and sustainable development) but also the EU standards and laws in specific economic and social areas. A secondary aspect of the ENP is to prevent the emergence of new dividing lines as mentioned earlier, through a variety of means including more cross-border cooperation.  [10]   Specifically, in attempting to stop the emergence of new dividing lines in Europe, the Commission has two broad approaches: firstly, to encourage and support financially the inclusion of the neighbours in European networks of all kinds such as transport, research and education, energy, environment, culture and so on and, secondly, to foster cross-border cooperation and specially concrete projects to link neighbouring regions across the EUs new border. The Commission is simplifying as well the funding of such programmes, which has been complicated.  [11]   In this point, it must be mentioned that, the ENP remains distinct from the process of enlargement. However, it does not prejudge for European neighbours how their relationship with the EU may develop in future in accordance with Treaty provisions. According to the ENP framework, the EU offers all but institutions to the neighbours: as much it can do without actually enlarging.  [12]   Plus, in early 2004 the Commission began preparing Actions Plans for the most advanced neighbours. The Action Plans are central to the ENP (12 of them were agreed) and they set out an agenda of political and economic reforms with short and medium-term priorities of 3 to 5 years. The ENP is not yet fully activated for Algeria, Belarus, Libya and Syria since those have not agreed Action Plans.  [13]   The Action Plans are supposed to be differentiated according to the various neighbours specific circumstances, and drawn up after held with each neighbour. Promoting joint ownership of the plans should better ensure that the neighbours will meet the objectives set out in them. Each country individually determines the nature and strength of its relationship with the EU.  [14]  In addition, other political objectives prominent in the Action Plans are cooperation in the fight against terrorism and on non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and ensuring international justice through support for the International Criminal Court.  [15]   Furthermore, from January 2007 the European Neighbourhood Policy and Strategic Partnership with Russian Federation are financed through a single instrument the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI). It is designed to target sustainable development and approximation to EU policies and standards supporting the agreed priorities in the ENP Action Plans, as well as Strategic Partnership with Russia. In detail, it encourages economic integration and political cooperation between the EU and the neighbours, promotes sustainable development and poverty reduction, and addresses security and stability challenges posed by geographical proximity to the EU.  [16]   The results of the ENP The ENP has shown that it offers a solid basis for strengthening ties between the EU and its neighbours. It has opened the policy to all eastern and southern neighbours who share EUs commitments to democracy, open society and economic prosperity. And, as countries go further down the reform path more possibilities (more financial support, integration with the EUs internal market, participation in the EUs policies and programmes) for closer cooperation with the EU open up to them.  [17]   Since the ENP policy was proposed, good progress has been made on developing and implementing the main instruments of the ENP the presentation of 12 Country Reports, the adoption of 12 ENP Action Plans, implementation and monitoring through relevant subcommittees, adoption of a new instrument (Neighbourhood Investment Facility -NIF) to better provide assistance to these countries in support of the objectives agreed in the Action Plans.  [18]   The NIF was established at the end of 2007 and it is a significant source of funding for the neighbourhood. The Facility funds projects of common interest focussing mainly on energy, environment and transport. A Governance Facility has been set up too. It provides additional support to countries that have made most progress in implementing governance reforms.  [19]   Moreover, for the Financial Framework 2007-2013, about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12 billion in EU funding are available to support partners reforms, an increase of 32% in real terms as compared to 2000-2006 Financial Framework. Until 31 December 2006, EU assistance to the countries of the ENP and to Russia was provided under various geographical programmes including TACIS (for eastern neighbours and Russia) and MEDA (for southern Mediterranean neighbours), as well as thematic programmes such as European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR).  [20]   Additionally, new forms of technical assistance have been extended to ENP partners. A large number of twinning and Technical Assistance and Information Exchange (TAIEX) arrangements, is in place with countries across the neighbourhood.  [21]  Neighbourhood countries joined also the EUs programmes and agencies like the Competitiveness and Innovation Programme.  [22]   Furthermore, it must be stated that, to the east the reforming government of Moldova is being rewarded with generous aid. In the meantime, the EU has frozen assets and restricted visas for Belaruss leaders after they rigged elections and suppressed protests.  [23]  A border monitoring mission was also in place along the Moldovan-Ukraine border to help address the frozen conflict in Transnistria while an agreement on easier visa procedures for Ukrainian citizens and others was in the works.  [24]   In May 2011 the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission suggested a new policy response to a changing EU neighbourhood based on more for more, less for less, a mutual accountability and a shared commitment to the universal values of human rights, democracy and the rule of law and involving a much higher level of differentiation.  [25]  New policys items are money, market access, and mobility. This approach has been authorized as well by the European Parliament and the European Council.  [26]   The Economist justified the new policy as follows: Policies should be better tailored for each neighbour. Europe cannot change geography, so it will have to deal with countries on its rim, democratic or autocratic. But in its circle of neighbours, it must always demonstrate that its best friends are the democrats.  [27]  Along this line, the EU responded to the Arab Spring and sent an obvious message of unity and support to the people of the southern Mediterranean. Moreover, it responded to EU eastern neighbours efforts towards closer political association and deeper economic integration.  [28]   The evaluation of the ENP Undoubtedly, the ENP should be seen as one of innovative efforts undertaken so far in the history of the European Communities external relations. This exposes it to a great deal of controversy in a vast diversity of opinions thereupon. Indeed, the ENP has been evaluated in most different ways, from very critical in which it is seen as an ineffective project, to statements saying that this is one of the EUs foreign policy that really works correctly. If we take into account the aforementioned results of the ENP, we realize that it does promote good relations between the enlarged EU and its neighbours. It definitely has an interest in promoting prosperity, stability and security among its neighbours by working with them to support their transition. But what about the group of people who support that the ENP is an ineffective project? Why do they strongly believe it? Those who believe that the ENP is an inadequate policy claim that the EU has to deal with three serious challenges: that of confronting the ghost of enlargement, which haunts EU relations with its neighbours, the challenge of influencing positively the serious problems distressing several of those neighbours and, that of building a neighbourhood with some degree of cohesiveness.  [29]   The unavoidable consequences of admitting some countries to full membership of the EU and excluding others produce insiders and outsiders. This dimension inside the ENP, make awkward bedfellows, especially given that east European countries are reluctantly seen as potential member states while the Mediterranean countries have not been considered appropriate for EU membership.  [30]  The hope of EU membership is a major incentive for reform amongst members. As it has already been mentioned Europes neighbourhood policy remains distinct from the process of enlargement as it offers countries everything but institutions. And this does not mean as stated earlier that neighbourhood countries have no chance of being official members of the EU. For instance, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine could be considered as candidates for EU membership at some point in the future. All have experienced a democratization process and have moved away from the direct political influence of the Russian Federation.  [31]   Nevertheless, these states represent a low priority on the enlargement agenda because of the likely impact on the EUs budget, the poor state of their economies, and the need to strengthen political reforms at home before considering accession. So, there is a large development gap between the EU and some potential members, which makes meeting membership conditions increasingly difficult. Thus, the EU is becoming more diverse.  [32]   The second challenge facing the EU is how to deal with countries of concern. Generally speaking, the challenges facing EUs neighbours often go beyond their borders. It is a fact that, the partner countries are faced with poverty, unemployment, mixed economic performance, corruption, weak governance and frozen conflicts in certain regions.  [33]   Countries of concern include Belarus and Libya, but several other neighbours like Syria are also problematic mainly because of their lack of respect for human rights and democratic principles and, because of security concerns. Even more, the list of sites of conflict in the Middle East is tragically long. In this point, someone could wonder if the ENP gives the EU more leverage or more possibilities to exercise influence in these cases than it had before.  [34]   For fostering fundamental reform in the neighbours, Action Plans should provide a real incentive for reform. The truth is that, clear benchmarks linked to clear benefits are being absent in Action Plans. There has to be a real effort so that Action Plans lend a serious concentration to the ENP and enable the focus to be on specific, measurable and time-bound objectives.  [35]   The third challenge for the EU is how to connect the dissimilar countries and regions included in the ENP. The ENP is a policy based on strengthening the bilateral links between the EU and each neighbour a policy for neighbours rather than a neighbourhood policy. And while there is an undeniable need for reform in the neighbours, there is also an undeniable need for all the neighbours to cooperate with one another. In relation to this statement, we realize that strengthening the multilateral and/or regional elements in the ENP would help to tackle not just the cross-border problems that affect the EU but also those that affect all of the neighbours.  [36]   Additionally, some analysts consider that the new policy to a changing EU neighbourhood after the emergence of the Arab Spring, based on more economic benefits for more democracy with the new policys items (money, market access, and mobility) is not bold enough to make an important difference.  [37]  Regarding money, at times of austerity there is no more for foreign-policy aims while concerning markets, many north African countries already enjoy free trade in industrial goods, and the southern Europeans want to restrict some agricultural products. As for mobility, with anti-immigrant parties gaining ground, few governments are ready to open up to north Africans.  [38]   There is little doubt that the Arab awakening was a priority for European foreign policy in 2011. Europe used a collection of instruments, including active diplomacy, special envoys, sanctions and military action. However, its technocratic response fell dramatically short of Marshall Plan for which some initially called.  [39]  Plus, the Arab Spring has shed light on the close personal and business ties between governing elites in EU member states and their Mediterranean counterparts. For example, Frances Foreign Minister Michà ¨le Alliot-Marie was forced to resign due to public outrage over her links to the ousted Ben Ali regime in Tunisia.  [40]  In 2008, the EU tried to negotiate an association agreement with Libya and earmarked à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬60mln in ENPI funds to the country over the 2011-2013 period.  [41]   To sum up, in the south the promotion of democracy and the rule of law has been an illusion. Arab neighbours have no the ambition of returning back to Europe while eastern neighbours, know that the EU is not ready to expand beyond the Balkans. Without the lure of membership, the EU struggles to find effective foreign-policy. Conclusions The ENP is a useful policy promoting stability, prosperity, welfare and security in the post 2004 era between the EU and its neighbours. But is the ENP sufficient to deal with the aforesaid challenges? This challenge is undoubtedly enormous and requires more ambitious policy response. Not only should the ghost of enlargement be vanished but also the serious problems distressing several of the neighbours. Furthermore, the EU should try hard through the ENP to build a neighbourhood with some degree of cohesiveness. As we all know, on 12 October 2012 the Nobel Prize Committee decided to award the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the European Union for over six decades contribution to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. Although the EU is at present undergoing serious economic difficulties and considerable social unrest the award served as a reminder that the EU had largely brought peace to a continent which tore itself apart in two world wars in which tens of millions died. According to this, the EU should focus on what it sees as the EUs most important result: the successful struggle for peace and reconciliation and for democracy and human rights. No one would disagree that one way for the EU to enforce its struggles for achieving the aforementioned goals, is through the ENP. It is an ambitious policy, which has the potential to make an enormous difference to the prosperity and stability of both the EU and its neighbours. So, the EU has to strengthen the ENP in order to provide concrete and credible incentives for reform. Hence, a strong ENP has to be set out. The vision contained in the ENP the real and mutual relation of EU to its nearest friends and vice versa should be a reality for the stability and wealth of both.

Assessment of the Necessity of the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty

Perceptions regarding nuclear weapons presents a contradiction in terms of the existence of a â€Å"peaceful nuclear past and a fearful nuclear future† (Sagan 66). Such a contradiction exists in terms of our current understanding regarding nuclear weapons and deterrence. Consider for example that during the Cold War period, nuclear weapons were widely believed to be one of the most important factors in maintaining the peace between the United States and the Soviet Union (Cimbali 224). Currently, on the other hand, it is widely believed that enabling the continuing spread and development of nuclear weapons will only increase the risk of the development of a nuclear war. This is based upon the assumption that rival countries that are considered nuclear powers are unlikely to maintain stable deterrence. Due to this concern regarding the prevention of such an event, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was formulated during 1968. The treaty imposed an international limitation to the spread of nuclear weapons. It is based upon three main tenets: non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, disarmament of nuclear weapons, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. What follows is an analysis of the nuclear proliferation argument. As was stated above, the main rationale for the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was the prevention of nuclear wars caused by the unstable deterrence between nuclear weapons states. According to the Canadian Foreign Minister Lloyd Axworthy, the agreement is based upon international mechanisms that operate within the foundations of international laws and norms. Anxworthy further states that the NPT opts â€Å"to promote and achieve a world without nuclear weapons† hence a world without a nuclear war impending in its historical future (1). As opposed to this, it has been argued by political scientists that if the main rationale for the treaty was the prevention of nuclear wars, then the treaty by prohibiting the proliferation of nuclear weapons defied itself in so far as enabling the proliferation of nuclear weapons ensures the prevention of nuclear wars. According to Kenneth Waltz, â€Å"nuclear weapons have been given a bad name† (731). Waltz argues that it is fallacious to assume that since nuclear weapons may cause catastrophic nuclear exchanges, nuclear wars will thereby cause global destruction. Waltz argues that nuclear weapons will enable the development of stability and peace since â€Å"a nation will be deterred from attacking if it believes that there is a possibility that its adversary will retaliate† (734). It is important to consider that Waltz’s claim is based upon the assumption that major wars amongst states occur as a result of the estimation of zero or low retaliation costs of a state from another state. In lieu of this, it is thereby possible to conclude that allowing the proliferation of nuclear weapons lessens the possibility of the development of nuclear wars since it ensures that countries will consider the high amount of risk involved in launching a nuclear attack towards a state with similar military capacities. In lieu of this, I would like to conclude that it is indeed true that the choice between a more peaceful and co-operative versus a war-ridden and hostile world is highly dependent or critically dependent on the future of nuclear weapons however, it does not necessarily necessitate the prevention of their further spread. Works Cited Cimbali, Stephen.   The Dead Volcano: The Background and Effects of Nuclear War Complacency.   Portsmouth, NH: Praeger/Greenwood, 2002 Halard, Muller, David Fischer, and Wolfgang Kotter.   Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Global Order.   Oxford: Oxford Univ. P., 1994. Waltz, Kenneth.   â€Å"Nuclear Myths and Political Realities.†Ã‚   American Political Science Reviews 84. 3 (September 1990).      

Question Of Physical Education At Schools - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1944 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Education Essay Level High school Topics: Physical Education Essay Did you like this example? Though its invention was well into the 1820s, physical education is a powerful pedagogy that still is in effect for schools all around the world. In fact, it is mandated by the state of New Jersey, and similarly for others, that a student should take part in a physical education course for at least two hours each week as a part of the students graduation requirement (New Jersey Department of Education, 2018). Across the world, as well, similar standards can be measured; in Germany, schools are mandated to have at least three five hours of physical education classes per school week (World Health Organization, 2016). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Question Of Physical Education At Schools" essay for you Create order According to Shape America, a society of health and physical educators, one of the national standards for students taking part in any form of physical education program is to â€Å"develop physically literate individuals who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity† (SHAPE America, 2014). Some educators argue that cuts in the time allotted for physical education programs in the the school day may allow students to have more time for academic classes and aid schools in the funding they receive from federal and state grants. On the other hand, the physical, mental, and social aspects that come along with being active throughout the school day may outweigh these academic viewpoints. In many schools, the thirty to forty minute window in which students have physical education classes is the only means of exercise the child has for the particular day. In a website created by a school psychologist that has researched the effects physical education has on a student in school, Rachel Wise outlines that not only do these physical education classes offer obesity prevention, they promote healthy growth and development (Wise, 2017). These aspects are essential to students of all ages, as the adolescent body does not stop developing until the age of twenty-one. Adding onto this, according to a study published in 2017 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, among children aged two to nineteen, the obesity rate was at 18.5% this number is significantly higher than what is was in 2001, only 5% (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). With this current information, scientists predict that the number of obesity in schoolchildren will only continue to increase. Exercise is familiarly a major component that is proven to greatly reduce the risk of childhood obesity, and if implemented early on in life, various cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, or arrhythmia (Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, 2017). The goal for many of the physical education programs in America, and frankly throughout the world, is to keep students healthy while teaching valuable lessons. Physical education programs in schools are beneficial to students’ overall health; many physical benefits are present, as well as mental health advantages, well-being, and all-around happiness. Daniel Gilbert, professor of psychology at Harvard University and veteran author on books pertaining to a healthy well being and happiness within an individual, explains in his article titled Paradise Glossed, that happiness can be achieved by learning from past struggles and developing skills from those hurdles to aid them in future events or experiences (Gilbert, 2010). Physical education programs in school encourage the development of various skills such as hand-eye coordination, cognitive functions, and motor skillsthese will aid students inside and outside the classroom and on some occasions, on the day-to day track (Bailey, 2006). Scientifically speaking however, when exercising both adolescents and adults release a chemical in the brain known as the endorphins; these neurochemicals are mainly produced in the hypothalamus, the same part of the brain when the body is under stress and similar to pain killers in the sense that they are involved with natural reward circuits (Kelly, 2016). This is the main reason why after exercise, better moods may persist for upwards of twelve hours. Long-term studies done by Harvard researchers show that participants who consistently exercised had the highest level of psychological well-being (Bergland, 2016). Skills that students may have learned while being active in class may add to the student’s better mood, aiding them in future endeavors, even class assignments, projects, and tests. These better moods and well-beings contribute to overall performance in student’s academics. Keeping in mind that various states legally require schools to have at least half an hour of physical activity each day, student self-esteem and overall well-being is significantly increased. Additionally, student social interactions are dramatically increased in a setting where one is expected to work with his/her peers (Wise, 2017). With cuts (decreases) in the time allotted for physical education classes being made, many of these benefits may come into compromise as students don’t have the time to physically develop these skills. On the other hand, in an idea presented by Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics with a vested interest in happiness, hedonic adaptation may be very relevant to this issue. Hedonic adaptation is commonly referred to as the tendency to return to a stable form of happiness even though minor or major changes occur. Cultural goods such as â€Å"music, literature, and art, are less subject to hedonic adaptation than â€Å"comfort† goods† (Easterlin, 2003). All in all, no matter what change happens in life, the amount of happiness will return to what it was previous to the change. With that being said, lawmakers may argue that although physical education classes do present a vast amount of benefits, these benefits may be going to waste later reverting back to the whatever the previous state of being wasunsatisfied. However, one other notable mention by Easterlin is the fact that happiness does not always come from acquired material objects; instead, life lessons, momen ts, and experiences is truly what can deem a human happy (Easterlin, 2003). Skills such as catching a ball, or playing a sport with other schoolmates are simple skills that can be later on be complexed in real-life situations. Contrary to popular belief, though, physical education programs present significant advantages that aren’t usually considered or discussed about. Exercise, and especially that in a physical education program at school, encourages increased oxygen flow to the brain which leads to the increased production in neurotransmitters later on. From these neurotransmitters, neurotrophins are derived and make sure that neurons are thriving in the parts of the brain that are responsible for higher thinking, cognitive skills, and learning (SPARK, 2012). Additionally, in a study conducted by the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, â€Å"adolescents who were active in school were more likely to have high grades.† Francois Trudeau and his colleague, Roy Shephard, both professors in kinesiology at University of Quebec at Three Rivers and University of Toronto, respectively, conducted a multitude of smaller-scale studies and analyzed their data. In fact, in a sample size of 287 9-11 year old primary students, after adding 47 minutes a week of various physical activities for sixteen months, scores on the Canadian Achievement Test (CAT-3) showed a slight increase (Trudeau, Shephard, 2008). Additionally, 655 children from grades 5 to 6 who added 27-42 minutes of physical education a week for two years saw significant upwards trends in mathematical/arithmetic gains rather than humanities or literature (Trudeau, Shephard, 2008). There is no current or valid evidence for any beneficial aspect of cutting down on time spe nt on physical education in schools; moreover, this takes into account any opinion-guided viewpoints. These beneficial outcomes are products of extended physical activeness in students in school; cutting time in these essential programs can lead to detrimental outcomes. Physical education has recently taken backlash as cuts in the amount of time spent on programs in various states took place. In fact, 1 in every 5 Michigan schools do not have a certified physical education teacher (Park, 2018). With the increasing amount of gym teachers having their employment terminated, someone must take care of the excess; standard classroom educators now have the time that was originally for the student’s physical education class to provide the equivalent (recess, indoor games, and more)(Long, 2017). Classroom teachers don’t all have the same training as a physical education teacher has and this is influential because certain benefits may not be present if not taught or presented in the correct way. This is detrimental in the sense that these teachers who had time to plan academic lessons beforehand now need to take on an extra role that wasn’t anticipated priorly. School funding plays a vital role in this situation schools are funded by either property tax and federal or state grants. In the state of New Jersey, the School Funding Reform Act (SFRA) allows for most schools to be â€Å"fully funded.† Essentially, this means that the money that is provided for a certain school is enough for a thorough and efficient system of education for each student as required under the constitution of the state (Sitrin, 2018). Many states follow this â€Å"full-funding† outline but others fund public education by either providing a school district with a set amount of funding per student or by funding a number of educator positions per school (Education Commission of the States, 2012). In most cases, too, high academic achievements within the school district may mean more money per pupil, or a greater amount of educators. For this reason, physical education teachers are either lacking or being laid off because schools don’t have enough m oney to fund the amount of educators they have, gym teachers are the first to go. However, spending time on academic classes may increase the amount of dollars a certain district gets at a time. Grades on standardized tests that students are mandated to take each year contribute to this funding; the higher the grade, the more money a school acquires. As technology and time is evolving and developing, there are still some obstacles to overcome. Many schools are beginning to realize just how many benefits come along with physical education programs and what it can do for their students not only physically but academically as well. However, many schools are still in the dated ‘state-of-mind’ that is unaccepting of change; on the other hand, there are many schools are trying to implement physical education, but just do not have the resources needed. For instance, in 2001 the ‘No Child Left Behind Law’ (NCLBL) was passed it outlined that artistic and physical education classes are unimportant. After the passing of the NCLBL, â€Å"62% of elementary schools, and 20% of middle schools increased instructional time allocated to reading/language arts and mathematics† (Sallis, 2012). School districts mend to the constitution of its state, which is one of the major limitations. With recent support, though, b eing physically fit and active is coming to the surface and getting to adolescents. Former First Lady Michelle Obama’s campaign â€Å"Let’s Move† launched to decrease childhood obesity, create more affordable food options, and implement greater opportunities for physical activity (Let’s Move, 2010). This movement increased support for physical education programs in elementary, middle, and high schools all around the country. In conclusion, cuts in physical education programs would not be beneficial to a student in any way. Mentally, the student would not acquire adequate motor skills, focus and social skills that he/she might have obtained during a physical education class (Bailey, 2016). Physically, decrease in obesity risks would be present, overall happiness, and healthy development if one was active during the school day, even if it was for at least thirty minutes (Wise, 2017). Lastly, academic benefits would not be seen, as students who have taken part in physical education classes every day saw increases in test scores for a variety of subjects. Additionally, there is no valid evidence to support the idea that cuts in physical education programs may be beneficial, as most are mainly opinion-based with no supportive evidence.

Taking a Look at the Enron Scandal - 1270 Words

With the complex system where there were wide ranges of product which include physical assets, it had reached the limits of accounting. The company had taken fully advantage of this to make balance sheet become a perfect picture of company’s performance. They used mark-to-market method of accounting, which state that â€Å"once a long-term contract was signed, the present value of the stream of future inflows under the contract was recognized as revenues and the present value of the expected cost of fulfilling the contract were expensed†. (Pauls, 2003) Therefore, the future profit had been account even the real cash flow had not come to the company yet. Moreover, cause when Enron come to the long term contract, they would assumed that there were long term declines in spot prices (Page 6, journal of economics), there would be the risk of loss if there were the increase in the price of gas in the future and it does not recognize in the financial statement; therefore, to make the income statement made more sense in economics term, Enron had created an accounting structure that help the company to stable their income fluctuation. (ISDA, 2002) In additional, Enron used special purpose entities to fund or manage risk as well as achieve financial reporting objective (page 11, Paul, 2003). 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